Prostatitis is the swelling of the prostate gland caused mainly by infections and several other causes. Men of all ages can contract prostatitis, but it tends to be common among older men aged 50 and above. Prostatitis symptoms include blood in the urine, painful, strained and frequent urination, painful ejaculations, fever and chills, groin, abdominal, rectal, and lower back pain, urethral discharge, and malaise and body aches.
The five common causes of prostatitis are:

1. HIV/AIDS
STIs, such as HIV or AIDS weaken the immune system and make the body susceptible to infections. HIV/AIDS is a common cause of bacterial prostatitis by creating inflammation in the prostate.

2. Previous prostate biopsy
One of the most common complications post prostate biopsy is infections leading to acute bacterial prostatitis. Therefore, before a prostate biopsy, doctors usually perform a cleansing enema and prescribe antibiotics to keep risks at a minimum. The antibiotics prescribed are known as fluoroquinolones. However, some men will still develop UTIs and acute prostatitis shortly after their prostate biopsies due to resistance to the antibiotic fluoroquinolones. This is treatable by prescribing a different kind of antibiotics.

3. Pelvic trauma or injuries
Pelvic traumas or injuries are linked to the development of prostatitis, especially when they occur in the pelvic area, resulting from the following:

• Excessive or rough riding of either horses, bicycles, or
• motorcycles
• A sports injury from impact to the groin area
• Workplace injuries
• An automobile injury
• Catheter insertion
• Surgery around the pelvic area

Pelvic trauma can cause the body to release chemicals known as chemokines and cytokines, which help with the body’s healing process. However, these chemicals are also known to cause inflammation which naturally causes pain. These injuries cause inflammation in the pelvic area which might lead to chronic prostatitis. Pelvic trauma is preventable by wearing protective gear when applicable.

4. Infections in the bladder or urethra
Infections in the bladder or urethra, commonly known as UTIs, occur when unhealthy bacteria accumulate in them. Prostatitis will develop when this bacteria leaks into the prostate, causing it to swell. Symptoms of UTIs are frequent urination, fever, lower back pain, nausea, painful urination, abdominal pain, wetting the bed, and smelly urine. Urinary tract infections are often successfully treated with a dose of antibiotics.

5. Urinary catheters
Long term use of urinary catheters can cause urinary tract infections as bacteria can enter the bladder through them. When the catheter stays in the bladder for long, it creates an avenue for the bacteria to inoculate, which can easily travel up the urinary tract causing an infection. This infection can quickly spread to the prostate, causing prostatitis.

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